The primary causes of machine vibration can vary, but generally, it arises from back-and-forth movement or oscillation of machinery and its components. While some equipment, like oscillating sanders and vibratory tumblers, rely on vibration for operation, others, such as internal combustion engines and gear drives, experience it as a byproduct of their functioning.
Mechanical equipment is typically designed to minimize vibration rather than generate it. This discussion focuses on equipment engineered specifically to mitigate vibration.
Vibration, if left unchecked, can indicate underlying issues and potentially lead to damage or accelerated wear. Imbalance, misalignment, wear, and looseness are among the most common factors contributing to vibration.
Imbalance occurs when a rotating component has a "heavy spot," causing centrifugal force and subsequent vibration. This imbalance can stem from manufacturing defects or maintenance issues like dirty fan blades. As machine speed increases, imbalance effects become more pronounced, leading to reduced bearing life and increased machine vibration.
Misalignment, whether angular or parallel, results in vibration when machine shafts are not properly aligned. This misalignment can occur during assembly or develop over time due to various factors like thermal expansion or improper maintenance.
Wear in components like bearings, drive belts, or gears can also lead to vibration. For instance, pitting in roller bearing races or chipped gear teeth can cause noticeable vibration during operation.
Looseness in vibrating components, caused by factors like loose bearings or improper mounting, can exacerbate vibration and lead to further damage if left unaddressed.
Vibration not only accelerates machine wear and consumes excess power but can also result in unplanned downtime and safety hazards. However, when analyzed correctly, vibration serves as a valuable indicator of machine condition, enabling proactive maintenance to prevent potential damage.
Understanding vibration characteristics like direction, amplitude, and frequency is essential for maintenance technicians to differentiate between normal and abnormal vibration. Tools like the Fluke 810 Handheld Vibration Tester facilitate quick and reliable diagnosis of vibration-related issues, helping maintenance professionals identify root causes and determine the need for service or repair.
The Fluke 810 fills the gap between complex vibration analyzers and simpler vibration pens, offering diagnostic capabilities akin to high-end analyzers with the convenience and affordability of lower-end testers. With its ability to detect common mechanical problems, provide plain-text diagnoses, and test a wide range of equipment, the Fluke 810 equips maintenance technicians with the necessary tools to keep mechanical systems running smoothly and facilities productive.
